Indigenous peoples were the first translators in Canada. Since the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s and the work of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism,Ĭhanges in the political balance between French and English have caused work from French to English to increase. Of other languages spoken and written here, such as Italian, German and Ukrainian. In Canada translation between French and English (both oral and written) predominates, although considerably more works written in French have been translated into English than the reverse. A number of factors influence the choice of method, such as the degree of similarity between the languages and cultures involved, the genre of the text (e.g., poetry, literary or technical prose) and the medium (oral, Still central to the debate is the question of whether to attempt to translate word for word (i.e., literal translation) or Techniques were proposed as early as Roman times, it was only in the late 18th century that the issues were fully articulated. Another major field that has long relied heavily on translation is that of trade and commerce.įor centuries translation was considered part of the art of rhetoric, and rightly so, for it is a language art that draws on sciences such as contrastive grammar and lexicology (the study of word derivations and meanings). The first known religious translation, that of the Hebrew Old Testament into Greek (the Septuagint version), occurred in the first 2 centuries BCE,Īt about the time that the Roman authors Plautus, Caecilius and Terence were pioneering literary translation with Latin versions of Greek drama. Original use seems to have been to facilitate administration within the ancient multilingual empires. It is most often thought of as the presentation of works written in one language to a public that speaks other languages, but its Translation is "the interpretation of verbal signs by some other language," according to Russian linguist Roman Jakobson.
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